Last month we launched Airspace Explorer, our free flight tracking and airspace education app. You can download it for free from the app store now and see how our airspace is being used to guide thousands of flights a day.
Our hope is that it will help spread an awareness of the role of airspace as a piece of critical UK infrastructure and an appreciation of the controllers whose job it is to keep everyone flying through it safe.
As such, I’ve been digging into how our airspace is made up, its structures and classifications, and how it remains the foundation of our aviation industry.
Today I’m looking at airspace classifications, the differences between them and what they mean for the people who fly through them. In the UK there are currently five classes of airspace; A,C,D,E and G (we have no Class B airspace in the UK and the last F class airspace was remove of converted in E in 2014).
The classification of the airspace within a FIR determines the flight rules that apply and the minimum air traffic services which are to be provided. Classes A, C, D and E are areas of controlled airspace and G is uncontrolled airspace.
Controlled airspace is provided primarily to protect its users, mostly commercial airliners, and as such aircraft that fly in controlled airspace must be equipped to a certain standard and their pilots must hold certain flying qualifications. Pilots must obtain clearance from Air Traffic Control to enter such airspace and, except in an emergency situation, they must follow ATC instructions implicitly.
Class A
In class A airspace, only Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flying is permitted. It is the most strictly regulated airspace where pilots must comply with ATC instructions at all times. Aircraft are separated from all other traffic and the users of this airspace are mainly major airlines and business jets.
Class C
Class C airspace in the UK extends from Flight Level (FL) 195 (19,500 feet) to FL 660 (66,000 feet). Both IFR and Visual Flight Rules (VFR) flying is permitted in this airspace but pilots require clearance to enter and must comply with ATC instructions.
Class D
Class D airspace is for IFR and VFR flying. An ATC clearance is needed and compliance with ATC instructions is mandatory. Control areas around aerodromes are typically class D and a speed limit of 250 knots applies if the aircraft is below FL 100 (10,000 feet).
An important side note regarding aerodromes – an aerodrome is a location from which flight operations take place such as large commercial airports, small General Aviation airfields and Military Air Bases. The term airport may imply a certain stature (having satisfied certain certification criteria or regulatory
requirements) that an aerodrome may not have. So whilst all airports are aerodromes, not all aerodromes are airports.
Class E
Class E airspace is for IFR and VFR use. IFR aircraft require ATC clearance and compliance with ATC instructions is mandatory for separation purposes. VFR traffic does not require clearance to enter class E airspace.
Class G
In class G airspace, aircraft may fly when and where they like, subject to a set of simple rules. Although there is no legal requirement to do so, many pilots notify Air Traffic Control of their presence and intentions and pilots take full responsibility for their own safety, although they can ask for help.
Can and often do offer pilots in Class G airspace with a basic flight information service to support their safe flying. An Alerting Service is also provided if necessary to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of assistance, Search and Rescue for example.
So that covers airspace classification. I hope it makes sense but feel free to comment if you want to ask a question. Next week I’ll take a look at airspace types. I can sense your excitement!
Don’t forget, you can download Airspace Explorer for iPad right now – and it’s free!
Comments
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10.05.2017
14:41
A McArdle
Thanks. Where is the Class E airspace in the UK FIR? Not come across any yet! X
10.05.2017
18:15
Keith Miller
Hi Bren, this article requires better proof reading, I’m afraid. Lots of typos evident, some of which could confuse the casual reader. How high is FL 660, by the way? Cheers, Keefy.
11.05.2017
16:56
Keith Peers
It’s all great I love it
12.05.2017
06:38
Brendan Kelly
Head of Q&C Management SolutionsWe have class E airspace in some parts of Scotland. When the UK decided that it would comply with ICAO and only deploy Class F airspace for short term issues, we needed to find an equitable solution for our airspace. After consultation with airspace users and regulators, some airspace returned to Class G and some was made Class E where that was appropriate for the airspace usage.
06:38
Brendan Kelly
Head of Q&C Management Solutions04.06.2017
08:56
Mark Chapman
Hi. I’m trying to find out about an aircraft which flew over me last night but I don’t know how to find out what it was. Is there an archive which stores information on past flights over the U.K. somewhere on the internet? Obviously live tracking sites are out as the info I want is on a past flight.
24.06.2017
10:44
Peter Hargreaves
Hello Brendan. Hope you are well. I wonder whether you could draw the attention of NATS Safety Department to this speech by Mr Justice Haddon-Cave in which he looks at safety cases. He chaired the inquiry into the 2006 Nimrod accident. This latest speech is well worth considering. Many thanks, Peter Hargreaves (ex Manchester ACC Safety Manager). https://www.judiciary.gov.uk/announcements/imeche-nuclear-safety-conference-keynote-speech-by-sir-charles-haddon-cave-fit-for-purpose-safety-cases-in-the-nuclear-industry/
20.07.2017
09:10
James Murphy
Nice to see that the have poster states that you need clearance to enter class “E” and yet the text clearly say something different:
Class E airspace is for IFR and VFR use. IFR aircraft require ATC clearance and compliance with ATC instructions is mandatory for separation purposes. VFR traffic **does not require** clearance to enter class E airspace but must comply with ATC instructions.
Some consistency would be supper.
24.10.2018
17:17
Roger Haydon
Please make Airspace Explorer available for Android, it has a far larger user base than Apple. I can’t understand for the life of me why you have limited it to iphones.
13.11.2018
20:23
Alex G
James, you seem to be confused between IFR and VFR flight. IFR traffic requires clearance to enter Class E airspace, while VFR traffic does not. Hope this helps.
28.09.2020
22:35
Bob Dewes
Simple, clear, concise – Good Job!
29.04.2023
10:59
Gareth Aggett
Is it possible to have the UK ATS Airspace Classifications graphic presented so that it can be printed to cover an A4 sheet, please?
As shown the print is too small to read and I would like to use this in my classroom.
09.10.2023
09:25
L
Pretty useless to only have the app on iPads